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A-1 lifeboat
The A-1 lifeboat was a powered lifeboat that was made to be dropped by fixed-wing aircraft into water to aid in air-sea rescue operations. The sturdy airborne lifeboat was to be carried by a heavy bomber specially modified to handle the external load of the lifeboat. The A-1 lifeboat was intended to be dropped by parachute during Dumbo missions to land within reach of the survivors of an accident on the ocean, specifically airmen survivors of an emergency water landing.
==Design==
The first airborne lifeboat was designed in the United Kingdom by Uffa Fox in 1943. In the United States, Andrew Higgins evaluated the Fox boat and found it too weak to survive mishap in emergency operations. In November 1943, Higgins assigned engineers from his company to make a sturdier version with two air-cooled engines.〔Strahan, 1998, p. 193.〕 Higgins Industries, known for making landing craft (LCVP) and PT boats, produced the A-1 lifeboat, a , airborne lifeboat made of laminated mahogany with 20 waterproof internal compartments so that it would not sink if swamped or overturned. Intended to be dropped by modified Boeing B-17 Flying Fortresses, it was ready for production in early 1944.〔Strahan, 1998, pp. 208–209.〕
The yellow-painted vessel was supplied with enough food, water and clothing for 12 survivors to last for about 20 days in the ocean. It was provided with sails kept relatively small so that inexpert operators could use them.〔Lloyd, 1983.〕 A "Gibson Girl" survival radio was aboard with an antenna to be lifted up with a kite.〔 Its two engines propelled the boat at ; if just one were used the speed was . The effective cruising range was about with some made per day.〔Lloyd, 1983.〕
Higgins also produced a smaller 18 foot version of the A-1 for the US Coast Guard that could be dropped by PBY Catalinas. This version was half the weight of the A-1. Unlike the larger version for the USAAF, the smaller Higgens air dropped lifeboat was designed to rescue only 8 or less persons. While a November 1945 ''Popular Mechanics'' article states it was in USCG service there are few public references to this smaller version of the A-1.〔("Eight Parachutes Float Rescue Boat Down to Sea." ) ''Popular Mechanics'', November 1945, p. 26.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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